![]() The phase transition between M phases is mainly related to cation displacement, while the transition among M, O, T, and C phases is related to oxygen octahedral tilting. M 2 and M 3 are antiferroelectric phases, and M 1 is a ferrielectric phase. Among them, the O (orthorhombic), T (tetragonal), and C (cubic) phases are paraelectric. AgNbO 3 is a material with abundant phase transitions at elevated temperatures, including M 1, M 2, M 3, O, T, and C phases. Silver niobate AFE material is expected to become a strong competitor to replace lead-based materials. Hence lead-based materials are gradually abandoned. Although lead-based materials currently provide W rec up to 11 J/cm 3, the use of lead poses an environmental hazard. The earliest discovered AFE material was lead zirconate (PbZrO 3), followed by the discovery of Pb(Zr xTi 1−x)O 3 (PZT) materials with specific compositions and PbHfO 3-based ceramics. Compared with linear dielectric materials and ferroelectric (FE) materials, antiferroelectric (AFE) materials with relatively high energy storage density have become a research hotspot in recent years. It is clear that the key to obtaining dielectric energy storage materials with high performance is to achieve high P max, low P r, and high dielectric breakdown strength ( E b). ![]() Where W, W rec, W loss, η, P r, P max, and E represent energy storage density, recoverable energy density, energy loss density, energy storage efficiency, remanent polarization, maximum polarization, and applied electric field, respectively. ![]()
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